African buffalo (often called Cape buffalo) are powerful, gregarious bovids that roam savannahs, woodlands and wetlands. Recognised by their massive curved horns and dark hides, they are a cornerstone species of Africa’s grassland ecosystems.

Buffalo live in herds ranging from a few dozen to several hundred animals, with old bulls sometimes forming smaller bachelor groups. Their collective vigilance and willingness to charge make them one of the continent’s most dangerous animals when threatened, even for lions.

By grazing extensively and wallowing in mud, buffalo shape vegetation patterns and provide habitats for birds and insects. Calves are usually born in the rainy season, when food is plentiful, and are protected within the herd’s centre.

In Tarangire National Park, buffalo are commonly seen in the riverine forests and open grasslands. Herds may range from dozens to over a hundred individuals, grazing alongside elephants and antelopes.

The park’s seasonal rivers attract buffalo during dry months, making sightings especially predictable. Guides often track footprints and droppings to locate active herds.

Observing Tarangire’s buffalo provides insight into herd behaviour, social structure, and interactions with predators like lions and hyenas. Game drives at dawn or dusk offer the best photographic light and active animal behaviour.